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NOTE: Since 2009 the title of the International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education (IJEE) has been changed to the title above.  ISSN numbers: IJEE 1649-2269 and IRE 2009-2822

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ISSN Number: 2009-2822. Frequency: 4 Issues per year (online only)  

Academic Entrepreneurship, Strategy and Technology Transfer Ventures

IRE Vol 7: Issue 2, 2009 , Pages 131-150

Author(s): Mike Wright (Nottingham University Business School, UK and University of Ghent, Belgium) and Bart Clarysse (Tanaka Business School, Imperial College, London, UK and University of Ghent, Belgium)

Abstract:
This paper draws on literature relating to a series of studies at university, spin-out, and individual academic scientist level to examine key issues in the creation and development of academic entrepreneurship. Different types of involvement of academic scientists in ventures are defined along with different types of spin-offs. The challenges during the different phases and junctures in spin-off growth are examined. University strategies are examined in terms of strategic choices, strategies to attract venture capital, incentives, and incubator models and the role of technology transfer offices (TTOs). At the individual academic level, the characteristics of academic entrepreneurs are reviewed, their entrepreneurial experience, the impact of entrepreneurial activity on publication output and their networks. Finally, some brief conclusions are drawn and recommendations for academic scientists seeking to engage in spin-out activity highlighted.

Keywords: technology transfer, spin-offs, universities, venture capital.

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