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NOTE: Since 2009 the title of the International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education (IJEE) has been changed to the title above.  ISSN numbers: IJEE 1649-2269 and IRE 2009-2822

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ISSN Number: 2009-2822. Frequency: 4 Issues per year (online only)  

Article #1507 - Independent Professionals: Legal Issues and Challenges

IRE Vol 13: Issue 2, 2015 , Pages 81-92

Author(s): Patricia Leighton (IPAG Business School, France and University of South Wales, UK)

Abstract:
Although Independent Professionals (IPros) have until recently been generally neglected by the academic community, including by specialists in both management and entrepreneurism, IPros cannot avoid being subject to key areas of regulation. This sometimes impacts upon them in a complex, controversial and unfair way. The regulatory framework contains key areas of fiscal policy, especially personal taxation, unfortunately often dominated by allegations of ‘sham’ relationships, the law relating to business associations, employment law and social protections. Some IPros are also subject to regulation by professional bodies. Virtually all of these areas of regulation present challenges, not least as IPros are hard to define and are not unambiguously a part of the business community or the labour market

Keywords: Independent Professionals (IPROS), definition, regulation

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